Spectrum refarming has been practiced with each generational change as operators seek to harness their precious assets to increase competitiveness and minimize costs, but has brought additional tensions with transition to 5G. Carriers are now competing more intensively than ever before over 5G coverage and performance, while having to juggle with 4G services that are often still growing and also providing the anchor for 5G Non-Standalone (NSA). The development of DSS (dynamic spectrum sharing) alleviated the tension between 4G and 5G by allowing both to share the same spectrum, avoiding the traditional refarming compromise of having to decide how to apportion a spectrum band between legacy and new technologies. For example, 2 x 10 MHz might be allocated each…