As we have analyzed several times over the past two years, the boom in 5G Standalone (SA) deployments, on which large network vendors were relying to hit their growth targets in 2022 and 2023, has not materialized. There are some high-profile large-scale roll-outs such as those of T-Mobile USA and the three Chinese operators, and there are growing numbers of 5G private networks, which are almost always 5G SA because they are in greenfield environments for cellular. However, in public networks, the majority of operators have either started to deploy 5G SA at small scale, perhaps in a couple of cities, or do not plan to embark on the process for anything up to five years. The gradual adoption is…