The third pillar of 5G, mMTC (massive machine-type communications), will not be delivered until 3GPP Release 17 comes along at the end of 2021 (see separate item), and even then it is not clear it will meet the ambitious density promise of one million devices per square kilometer. For this reason, consideration has been given to including LoRAWAN within the 5G framework, even as an option within licensed bands. Although LoRAWAN has been considered a competitor to mMTC, it has hitherto operated only in unlicensed bands and its attraction is that it has gained critical mass there, while recently being enhanced with functions that would make it more acceptable to the 5G community. The 5G standards so far promise to…