Wireless communication has long held great promise for automation, maintenance and improved safety at work across diverse heavy industrial sectors such as mining, construction and port or terminal operation. Some of the requirements such as ultra-low latency are common across many other industrial sectors including light engineering, but heavy industry raises some distinct challenges and opportunities that merit analysis of admittedly a varied sector. A common theme is that 5G for the first time provides the required capacity, speed, low latency and robustness both upstream and downstream for critical use cases in the sector, for which wired communications are too unwieldy or static, while both WiFi and LTE fail on at least one or two of these counts. The field…