For some years, MNOs have been launching ‘internal MVNOs’ – entirely separate services and brands which can target user bases outside their core base. These have often been focused on lower value or youth subscribers, with the aim of offering lower cost deals while not cannibalizing the core proposition – Sprint’s Boost and O2 UK’s giffgaff being examples. More recently, some of these sub-brands have focused on specific vertical or IoT services. In all cases, just as with external MVNOs, the advent of virtualization and cloud platforms will enable network owners to support a far wider range of virtual operators and brands, on a more dynamic, on-demand basis. In turn, this will help to address further new groups of users…