Many of the hurdles to deploying small cells at scale in outdoor environments or large venues relate to complexity and fragmentation. These barriers have been highlighted in the USA in particular, where most of the operators have been enthusiastic about densification to fill gaps in coverage and capacity and enable new use cases, often for business customers. Their urgency has been greater than that of peers in Europe, but that has sometimes led them to be guinea pigs for new processes that could simplify deployment in future. The big telcos have put significant effort into establishing blueprints for infrastructure leasing deals and fees with site owners of many kinds, but variations in regulations between individual states or cities has made…