In the progress towards 5G, fixed technologies have to be considered alongside mobile standards, far more than in previous generations. Nokia is providing hints of a converged future with two announcements, a demonstration in the 4.5 GHz band with Telia’s Finnish subsidiary Sonera; and more futuristically, a test of optical technology by its Bell Labs R&D unit, which approached the Shannon’s limit. In Finland, Nokia and Sonera unified fixed and mobile technologies to reach peak data throughput speeds of 4.5Gbps. The trial, at the operator’s Helsinki base, used commercial Nokia AirScale base stations with a customized core. The data rate and low latency of the network enabled the triallists to label it ‘5G’. Among the tests was transmission of high…