The white spaces in the TV spectrum were once the focal point for the IT industry’s push for more open access to airwaves, to reduce the cost of extending internet access t to the whole world. The hype around them died down, when many regulators failed to follow the US and UK into opening up the spectrum, and when some applications were compromised by the relatively low capacity, and inconsistent availability, of the spaces. However, some of the work on TVWS (TV white spaces) – especially on spectrum databases to assign access to vacant channels and prevent interference to incumbents – has been very influential on other shared spectrum schemes such as the USA’s proposed CBRS multi-tiered system in 3.5…