Wholesale-only networks seem an almost inevitable result of the evolution of mobile communications. Yet according to a GSMA report, most of the national initiatives which have been set up in recent years around the world are failing. This is serious news, because without workable approaches to network sharing and wholesaling, it will be impossible to build 5G to the density required, in an economic way, and many aspects of the 5G vision, including on-demand services, will be hard to realize. As mobile connectivity becomes essential to life, the need for ever-increasing capacity, reliability and ubiquitous coverage grows. Even with the developments which will transform the cost of building and running those networks – automation, virtualization, commoditized hardware – those challenges…