MNOs without existing fixed-line divisions have been gravitating towards fiber through collaboration, and often by establishing a dedicated company. This is driven by several conspiring factors, including consolidation of cross-haul operations (potentially fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul), desire to offer a comprehensive retail broadband offering, and longer-term convergence between fixed and mobile infrastructure. Operators that began as mobile-only providers, like Vodafone and more recently T-Mobile, have all been moving into the fixed-line arena in various ways. Vodafone Germany began this process well over a decade ago, peaking with the €7.7 billion acquisition of Kabel Deutschland in 2013. This made Vodafone Deutcshland Germany’s biggest cable TV company, with the ambition of becoming the dominant provider of pay TV as well as fixed…