One area where AI and machine learning (ML) have made a clear mark in TV is for one of the oldest skills of the game, closed captioning. This dates back almost to the dawn of television with the demand to generate text almost instantly from live broadcasts, either for the hard of hearing or for speakers of a language different from that of the audio. These are not problems for on demand content but in the early days of TV it was all live, and the field borrowed from the practice of stenography already well established in court reporting. Stenography is one of those forgotten skills whose practitioners used machines modified from traditional typewriters with some keys representing common syllables…